Missile Defense in Europe

The U.S. ballistic missile defense (BMD) system is aand at sea. These Central European sites provide
single, integrated system to protect the Unitedgeographically ideal locations for protecting both the
States, its deployed forces, and U.S. allies and friendsUnited States and our European allies. Allies in
against growing threats posed by ballistic missilesSouthern Europe are not vulnerable to long-range
from rogue states such as North Korea and Iran. It ismissile attack from Iran, but in a crisis, they would
the policy of the United States to work with its alliesneed the shorter-range defenses offered by Patriot
to deploy defenses against existing and emergingPAC-3s, Aegis BMD ships, Terminal High Altitude Area
threats from missiles of all ranges.Defense (THAAD) batteries, and other NATO missile
This is important because a ballistic missile carryingdefense systems. The United States has concluded
just one weapon of mass destruction payload couldnegotiations with the Czech Republic and Poland. In
cause catastrophic damage to a country. The missileApril 2008, all 26 NATO nations formally endorsed the
defense system deployed over the past four yearsmissile defense plan, agreeing with the United States
protects the United States against long-range attack.that the threat from Iran is serious and that the Bush
It also integrates mobile sea-based and transportableAdministration's planned defense approach is the right
land-based capabilities to intercept shorter-rangeone. The benefits of this deployment are clear.
missiles. In missile defense, geography matters.Long-range defenses in Europe will increase the
The early warning radars in Alaska, California, and theoptions available to U.S. leaders to defend against
United Kingdom and the long-range missiles based atsophisticated threats by providing more decision time
Fort Greely, Alaska, and Vandenberg Air Force Base,and engagement opportunities. This deployment
California, are not positioned properly to defendwould strengthen transatlantic security by reassuring
Europe against intermediate-range and long-rangeand defending allies and friends, complementing
ballistic missile attacks from Iran. The short-rangeemerging NATO plans to defeat short-range and
defenses (including Patriot systems) deployed by amedium-range threats, and preventing coercion and
handful of European allies and current U.S. sea-basedpreserving U.S. and NATO freedom of action. An
missile defenses cannot provide adequate defensiveeffective missile defense system could also dissuade
coverage and engage with high confidence the muchrogue states from pursuing ballistic missiles in the first
faster missiles coming out of the Middle East. Iran isplace and deter ballistic missile launches. Critics of the
in an aggressive race to build on its shorter-rangeEuropean deployments worry about the predictable
missiles to extend its military reach. It is also acquiringnegative reaction from Russia's leaders and the
missile technologies and even whole missile systemspossibility of damage caused by debris. However, the
through trade with proliferators such as North Korea.10 interceptors in Poland and the midcourse radar in
Iran has publicly announced that it is developing athe Czech Republic oriented toward the Middle East
space launch vehicle, which means developing theare incapable of intercepting the hundreds of
technologies and knowledge (e.g., rocket staging) forintercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and the
longer-range ballistic missiles.thousands of warheads in the Russian arsenal.
These developments, combined with the statementsRussian concern that the United States could turn
by Iran's leaders (e.g., Ahmadinejad's stated goal "tothese defensive interceptors into offensive weapons
wipe Israel off the face of the map" and hisis likewise groundless. Future U.S. activities at missile
admonition that other nations must "bow downdefense sites in Europe will be transparent to the
before the greatness of the Iranian nation andRussians and to host nations. Perhaps more
surrender") are reasons for concern about Iran'simportant, this concern does not make military sense
military direction. One must ask why a country suchfrom the U.S. point of view because the U.S. already
as Iran is acquiring ballistic missiles that can reachhas the capability to bring offensive strike submarines
more than 1,500 kilometers, a strike range that wouldor bombers into a regional conflict. The United States
overfly Israel and the American bases in the region.has also assured its allies that the launched objects'
One possible answer is that Iran sees value in havingmomentum will cause debris resulting from intercepts
the ability to coerce and impose Iranian policy onin space to continue along the missiles' original
European leaders by holding them hostage. Thetrajectories and that most of this debris will burn up
power to blackmail and threaten European and U.S.when it reenters the atmosphere.
leaders means that Iran might not need to fire aAnother way to view the debris question is to
single missile to affect the foreign and defensecompare it to Europe's experiences during World War
policies of its enemies.II, when leaders found that shooting down enemy
An operational missile defense system that protectsaircraft, regardless of where they crashed and the
European nations could counter any such move bylevel of damage caused by the crashes, made far
Tehran. Preparing defenses against an emergingmore sense than allowing them to survive and deliver
missile threat takes many years, which is why thetheir bombs.
Bush Administration decided to proceed withOne fact, however, is beyond dispute: Once a missile
deploying 10 long-range interceptors in Poland andhas been launched and its payload has acquired the
building a midcourse discrimination radar in the Czechtarget, our leaders and the leaders of Europe will
Republic.have only the option of missile defense to secure the
The missiles and the radar would provide redundantsafety of the citizens of their countries. Find out
protection of the United States and an initial defensemore about the growing nuclear proliferation threat
of Central and Northern Europe from long-rangefacing the world today. Visit 33 Minutes - Missile
ballistic missile attack. The radar in Central EuropeDefense in a New Missile Age, a new documentary
would supplement sensor coverage from the earlyfilm about missile defense in America. The site
warning radar in the United Kingdom, which is alreadyincludes video commentary, animations of missile
integrated into the U.S. system, and other radars thatdefense strategies, and extended missile defense
might be deployed in and around the region on landresources and articles.