The Science Behind the Firework

Fireworks were developed by the ancient Chinese inrapidly into the core of the rocket, the gunpowder in
the Second century BC and are the oldest and mostphase 1 burns and gives off hot exhaust gases which
basic form of rocket.fire backwards and sends the firework shooting
Many of our modern day weaponry can trace it'sthrough the air. This is an example of newton's third
history back to the firework, thanks to the fireworkslaw of motion; whenever a particle A exerts a force
major component 'gunpowder'. These early fireworkson another particle B, B simultaneously exerts a force
were developed in to rockets and were used inon A with the same magnitude in the opposite
warfare such as the invasion of China by the Mongolsdirection. The strong form of the law further
in 1279.postulates that these two forces act along the same
The Mongols and Arabs brought gunpowder to theline. This law is often simplified into the sentence, "To
West and the idea of the canon and hand gun wereevery action there is an equal and opposite reaction."
conceived by utilising the explosive properties ofAs the fuse continues to burn through the rocket
gunpowder. The early firework was even thethe material in phase 2 of the rocket, which is more
forerunner for the modern space rocket. It was theloosely packaged will ignite and it is this material that
American scientist Robert Hutchings who swappedwill give off the bright colours or secondary multiple
the solid fuel in fireworks for a liquid fuel systemexplosions seconds later.
which pioneered modern space rocket technologyThe various colours that can be seen are due to the
that ultimately led to man landing on the moon indifferent metal compounds that are packed into the
1969.firework. Sodium compounds will give a yellow and
There is such an array of fireworks available today,orange colour, whereas copper and barium salts give
however, the basic principle is pretty much the same.off green or blue and strontium make a red colour.
Traditionally fireworks used gunpowder, comprising ofFireworks can be used for a variety of situations,
75% Potassium Nitrate, 15% Charcoal and 10%such as birthdays, new year celebrations and even
Sulphur to provide the explosive powder to give theweddings, however, although fireworks can be awe
firework the thrust to go into the air. Todayinspiring and fun please remember that they can be
however, fireworks may use a variety of othervery dangerous and need to be handled with care.
chemicals.Remember to always follow the instructions that
The firework has basically has two phases, the firstaccompany the fireworks or better still go to a
phase comprises of tightly packed explosive materialdisplay at an organised event.
being contained in a shell. When a fuse is lit, it burns